Recent reports from various title companies and other leaders in the real estate industry show that across the United States, systematic fraudulent schemes involving sophisticated seller impersonation efforts are targeting existing owners and prospective purchasers of vacant, unencumbered land. These schemes target both residential and commercial properties in rural and metropolitan areas alike.
The scammers orchestrating these schemes typically begin by searching various real property records to identify real estate that is free of any mortgage or other liens (often vacant lots or rental properties) and the identity of the property owner. Next, scammers will contact a real estate broker posing as the owner to list the property for sale (often at a below market value to generate immediate interest). Once a prospective buyer is identified, the closing process will begin. Although scammers typically will communicate only by email through this process, more sophisticated operations recruit individuals to participate in all transactional phases, including diligence phone conversations and even personal appearances at signings. When facilitating due diligence and closing efforts, scammers will forge notary stamps, signatures and even identification documents such as driver’s licenses. These falsified documents are provided to the title company or closing attorney at closing, the fraudulent deed is recorded and the buyer’s funds are wired to the scammer (often to an overseas account).
Red flags include:
- No outstanding mortgages – free and clear property
- Vacant land
- Seller in a rush to close
- Owner is a non-US citizen
- Sales amount is usually under $50,000
- County’s Property Appraiser records show the owner’s address to be outside of the U.S.
- Real estate agent never meets with principals and is hired by e-mail
- Sale documents are e-mailed to seller(no in-person closing or use of RON)
- Typographical errors and non-matching signatures
- Passport/ID appears suspect –cut and pasted photos, for example
- Notary acknowledgments are suspect and may claim to be f rom U.S. Embassy or an attorney/notary in South Africa or other foreign country
- Purported owner is not currently located at the owner’s address listed in the county’s tax records
- Wiring instructions use banks not located in the owner’s country of residence, as shown in county’s tax records, and/or list third-party payee/account owner
- Multiple foreign countries involved for one party(seller in one place, documents notarized in another, wire going to another country, for example)
- Documents sent to title company already executed without prior inquiry to title company about how they need to be completed and acknowledged.
Resources:
Recognizing Vacant Land Fraud Handout 1
Recognizing Vacant Land Fraud Handout 2